Solana wallet `Signature verification failed`

Question

I have issue with transferring NFT or token from wallet to wallet with @solana/wallet-adapter-react or directly window.solana, I keep getting Signature verification failed error with code -32003 in Phantom, Slope etc wallet.

I use sendTransaction function from useWallet hook and it worked couple weeks ago without problems same code, now it fails every time and I haven't changed anything, so my question is what has changed in solana logic and sending token and if someone can provide some working code. This transaction has 2 simple instructions, first creates token in destination wallet, and second one does token transfer. Here is instructions code

    const mintPublicKey = new PublicKey(mint);
    // GET SOURCE ASSOCIATED ACCOUNT
    const associatedSourceTokenAddr: PublicKey = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
        mintPublicKey,
        ownerKey
    );

    // GET DESTINATION ASSOCIATED ACCOUNT
    const associatedDestinationTokenAddr: PublicKey = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
        mintPublicKey,
        destinationKey
    );
    console.info('Destination account', associatedDestinationTokenAddr.toBase58())
    const receiverAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(
        associatedDestinationTokenAddr
    );

    if (receiverAccount === null) {
        console.log("Receiver account is null!");
        instructions.push(
            createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
                destinationKey,
                associatedDestinationTokenAddr,
                destinationKey,
                mintPublicKey
            )
        );
    }

    instructions.push(
        createTransferCheckedInstruction(
            associatedSourceTokenAddr,
            mintPublicKey,
            associatedDestinationTokenAddr,
            ownerKey,
            1,
            0
        )
    );
    return instructions;

This is transaction creation logic

    for (const mint of mints) {
        const mintTransferInstructions = await getInstructions(mint);
        instructions.push(...mintTransferInstructions);
    }

    // This transaction is sending the tokens
    let transaction = new Transaction();
    for (let i = 0; i < instructions.length; i++) {
        transaction.add(instructions[i]);
    }
    return transaction;

If someone has some input about problem, also Phantom transaction preview shows correctly token that I want to transfer in transaction preview, so don't think issue is with instruction or transaction creation. What does this error mean? I don't use Keypair anywhere in logic to add it to signers array in sendTransaction

Answer 1

Looking at the code it looks like the transaction will require at least 2 signers, ownerKey and destinationKey.

ownerKey: fee payer and associatedSourceTokenAddr transfer authority

destinationKey: payer for createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction

As a result you need both of those to sign the transaction, otherwise use ownerKey as payer for createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction.

In wallets it is always the sender who is payer when creating a token account on behalf of the recipient. The transaction has a single signer.